Most people don't realize how common periodontal disease (also known as gum disease) is. In fact, three out of every four adults have some form of this disease. In most cases, it does not cause any pain and therefore goes unnoticed. However, early detection and treatment are extremely important, because gum disease is a major cause of tooth loss in adults.

Gum disease is an infection of the gums caused by sticky film, containing bacteria called plaque, that attaches to the crown and root surfaces of the teeth. If plaque is not removed through daily cleaning, it produces toxins or poisons that can irritate and inflame the gums.

Red, puffy or bleeding gums can be the first signs of gum disease. This early stage of gum disease is called gingivitis, and this condition is reversible. When the disease progresses to the bone supporting the teeth, it is called periodontitis and at that point can cause irreversible damage.

In the advanced stages of the disease, the bone and soft tissues supporting the teeth are destroyed. This may cause the teeth to become loose, fall out, or have to be removed by the dentist.

According to the American Dental Association, "You may not even be aware you have gum disease, because it often causes no pain. However, there are a number of warning signs that can alert you. If you notice any of these signs, contact your dentist.

• Gums that bleed during tooth brushing or flossing
• Red, swollen or tender gums
• Gums that have pulled away from the teeth
• Persistent bad breath
• Pus between or around the teeth and gums
• Loose or separating teeth
• A change in the way your teeth fit together when you bite
• A change in the fit of partial dentures"

Gum disease can be usually be prevented by thorough daily plaque removal by brushing, cleaning between the teeth by flossing and/or using interdental cleaners, eating a balanced diet, and by regularly visiting your dentist for professional examinations and cleanings.

Dentists are taught to recognize and treat the early stages of gum disease. If your dentist thinks you would benefit from specialized treatment because of advancing gum disease, you may be referred to a periodontist, who specializes in treating gum disease and has had additional training in this area.